Linux 常用命令

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1 打开服务器的被禁用（blocked）端口（port）

  • 启用被 iptables 禁用的 80 端口
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sudo /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
  • 将上面的配置作为规则保存到 iptables，以便服务器重启后，能再次生效
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sudo /sbin/service iptables save

2 通过 systemctl 启动服务

  • 启动、停止、重启
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# systemctl start nginx.service
# systemctl stop nginx.service
# systemctl restart nginx.service

除了 nginx.service, 常用的服务还有：php-fpm.service, mysqld.service

  • 设置开机自启
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# systemctl enable nginx.service

3 查看进程信息

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# ps -aux | grep 关键字

4 查看进程的安装位置

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ps -ef | grep tomcat

5 sudo 保留系统环境

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sudo -E env

6 查找最大目录或文件

1）查找最大目录

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du -a | sort -n -r | head -n 5

2）查找最大文件

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find -type f -exec du -Sh {} + | sort -rh | head -n 5

参考

7 挂载

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$ sudo mount -t vboxsf 源媒体 目标路径

8 查找文件包含字符

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# This will only search through those files which have .c or .h extensions:

$ grep --include=\*.{c,h} -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"

# This will exclude searching all the files ending with .o extension:

$ grep --exclude=*.o -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"

#For directories it's possible to exclude a particular directory(ies) through --exclude-dir parameter. For example, this will exclude the dirs dir1/, dir2/ and all of them matching *.dst/:

$ grep --exclude-dir={dir1,dir2,*.dst} -rnw '/path/to/somewhere/' -e "pattern"